¶ … equation to calculating the breakeven point is straightforward, px = vx + FC + profit p is the price per unit, x relates to the number of units, v is the variable costs and FC is the fixed costs. In the case of a break even calculation the profit will be set at zero. To calculate the break even point in unit sales the equation is x = FC/(p-v). The answers are presented below in table 1, using these equations.

Table 1; Break Even Point

Revenue per item (p)

Less variable costs (v)

Contribution per unit (p-v)

Fixed costs (FC)

$181,980

Break even point (units)

Break even point (sales)

$363,960

Therefore, the break even point is 674 units or sales of $363,960

Brief Exercise 18-10

If the firm requires a profit of $120,051, and it is known there are fixed costs of $170,500, and variable costs are 57%. Knowing that the fixed costs are met out of the contribution margin of p-v, and that this will then provide the calculation, the level of sales needed can be calculating, by taking the FC+ required profits and calculating the total required, so that FC + required profit makes up 43% of the total. Sales required will be $675,700.

Brief Exercise 18-11

The margin of safety, in dollars, is calculated by deducting the break even point from the sales achieved. For example, sales of $1,223,000 less a break...

In variable costing these are the variable costs, plus the fixed cost which are purely allocated to production. It dos not include other coasts, such as sales and administration. The cost for the Montana company is shown in table 2.
Table 2; Total production costs

Direct materials

$14,288

Direct labor

$25,278

Variable manufacturing overhead

$32,266

Total variable product costs

$71,832

Fixed manufacturing overhead

$10,360

Total

$82,192

Exercise 19-17

In variable costing the costs are allocated on actual production, therefore when assessing the allocation of the fixed cost, it is the costs per unit produced, and not the units sold which are used in the calculation. Sales and admin costs are not a manufacturing cost. so are not included.

Table 3; Total manufacturing costs per unit

Variable costs

Direct materials

$8.03

Direct…